How Memory Encoding Works

The first step in forming a memory

Turning an experience into a lasting memory is a multi-step process. First your brain encodes the information, converting sensory input into a neural signal. Then it consolidates that signal into a more stable form during rest and sleep. Storage is the maintenance of that memory over time, distributed across different brain networks.

Source

Squire, L. R., & Zola, S. M. (1996). Structure and function of declarative and nondeclarative memory systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(24), 13515–13522.

In real life...

To strengthen encoding, actively engage with new information: rephrase it in your own words, connect it to something you already know, or teach it to someone else. Passive re-reading is one of the least effective study strategies.